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1.
Rev. patol. trop ; 50(2): 1-14, jun. 2021. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1254546

ABSTRACT

Captive animals, despite the constant care provided, are susceptible to infections from different sources. We herein report the natural trypanosome infection of 11 (28.2% positive) out of 39 non-human primates from 13 different species, in a Brazilian zoological park. Immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) ruled out Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease. However, sequencing performed with positive samples employing hsp70 primers revealed similarities from 86% to 88% to diverse trypanosomes, including T. cruzi, Trypanosoma grayi, Trypanosoma lewisi, Trypanosoma rangeli and Trypanosoma vivax. We believe that the low similarity values obtained by sequencing reflect the difficulties in the molecular identification of trypanosomes, which share a large portion of their genetic material; this similarity may also preclude the diagnosis of co-infection by more than one trypanosome species. Thus, our study demonstrates the presence of diverse trypanosomes in primates, which are susceptible to infection by these parasites. Mechanical devices such as windows and bed nets, etc., are required to avoid vector insects in these environments, in addition to preventive quarantining of animals recently introduced into zoos. Therefore, investigation of the parasites in both the animals already residing in the zoo and those being introduced is of paramount importance, although no easy task.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Primates , Trypanosoma , Haplorhini , Chagas Disease
2.
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-875309

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most common zoonoses worldwide. It was initially described in rodents and rabbits. There are few data on the morbidity and mortality of this disease among Brazilian marsupial fauna, such as opossums. These animals are of great importance regarding the epidemiology of this disease, given that they are prey for felids and other carnivores. With the aim of ascertaining the serological response to Toxoplasma gondii among marsupials (Didelphis spp.), 38 animals that had been caught in 14 districts of the urban area of the municipality of Bauru, state of São Paulo, were evaluated. The modified agglutination test (MAT) showed that 26.3% (10/38) of the samples analyzed were seropositive. It can be suggested that the opossums' behavior and persistent proximity to human housing results in contact with cats and T. gondii infection, based on the frequency found in this study. This was the first study on the seroprevalence of T. gondii in opossums caught in the urban area of the municipality of Bauru, SP, and it highlights the need for environmental and health authorities of the municipality to monitor this zoonosis.(AU)


A toxoplasmose é uma das zoonoses mais comuns no mundo, tendo sido descrita inicialmente em roedores e em coelhos. Todavia, poucos são os dados sobre morbidade e mortalidade da toxoplasmose nos marsupiais da fauna brasileira, como os gambás, sendo de grande importância na epidemiologia da doença, como presas para felídeos e outros carnívoros. Com o objetivo de verificar a resposta sorológica para Toxoplasma gondii em marsupiais (Didelphis spp.), foram avaliados 38 animais capturados em 14 regiões da área urbana do município de Bauru-SP. Foi encontrada uma frequência, de acordo com o teste de aglutinação modificada (MAT), de 26,3% (10/38) nas amostras analisadas. Pode-se sugerir que o comportamento dos gambás e sua permanência próxima a habitações humanas resultam em contato com gatos e infecção por T. gondii, tendo em vista a frequência encontrada neste estudo. Este é o primeiro estudo de soroprevalência de T. gondii em gambás capturados na área urbana do município de Bauru-SP, alertando-se para a necessidade do monitoramento desta zoonose pelas autoridades de vigilância ambiental e sanitária do município.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Didelphis/immunology , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis, Animal/prevention & control , Urban Area , Serologic Tests/veterinary , Zoonoses/immunology
3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 23(2): 179-186, 06/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-714794

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serological methods using ELISA with recombinant-rK39 (ELISA-rK-39) and soluble extract-SE (ELISA-SE) antigens, the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) in comparison to an immunochromatography rapid diagnostic test (RDT-rK39) and with a direct parasitological exam (PA) for Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) diagnosis. The results showed that 89% (60/67) of the dogs were positive for at least one serological diagnostic test. ELISA-SE was the test that detected anti-Leishmania antibodies in the serum of the highest number of dogs (71.6%) followed by ELISA-rK39 (65.7%), IFAT (65.7%) and RDT-rK39 (55.2%). PA detected the lowest numbers (40.3%) of positive dogs. In relation to the total of examined dogs, the Kappa indexes (p ≤ 0.05) showed a good agreement between ELISA-SE and IFAT (88.1%; k = 0.7237), and it was also observed in the comparison of RDT-rK39 with ELISA-SE (83.6%, k= 0.6561), IFAT (83.5%, k= 0.6605) and PA (85.0%, k= 0.7074). A bad agreement was detected in any association of ELISA-rk39 with the other tests in either symptomatic or asymptomatic animals. ELISA as well as RDT using recombinant antigenic protein (rK39) were the methods that detected the lowest prevalence rates (33.3%) of CVL in asymptomatic dogs. In conclusion, only one test does not adequately identify dogs with CVL and it is necessary the association of two or more diagnostic tests. Because of the good agreement indexes of RDT-rK39 when evaluated with ELISA-SE, IFAT and PA it was suggested as a complementary method to be used in association with either ELISA-SE or IFAT, particularly in the symptomatic dogs. Furthermore, new studies are recommended in order to improve the sensitivity of tests mainly for asymptomatic dogs.


O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os métodos sorológicos usando ELISA (Ensaio Imunoenzimático Indireto) com o antígeno recombinante rK39 (ELISA-rK39) e o antígeno extrato solúvel bruto (ELISA-ES) e a RIFI (Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta) em comparação com o método imunocromatográfico rápido (RDT-rK39) e o parasitológico direto (PA), para o diagnóstico da Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) em cães de Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados mostraram que 89% (60/67) dos cães foram positivos por pelo menos um teste diagnóstico sorológico (RIFI, ELISA-ES, ELISA-rk39 ou RDT-rK39) e somente 40,3% (27/67) foram positivos pelo PA. O ELISA-ES foi o teste que detectou anticorpos anti-Leishmania em maior número de cães (71,6%) seguido por ELISA-rK39, RIFI (65,7%) e por RDT-rK39 (55,2%). No total de cães analisados (assintomáticos e sintomáticos), o índice Kappa de concordância (p ≤ 0,05) foi considerado de boa concordância entre ELISA-ES e IFAT (88,1%; k= 0,7237) e entre RDT-rK39 com ELISA-ES (83,6%, k= 0,6561), RIFI (83,5%, k= 0,6605) e PA (85,0%, k= 0,7074). O índice de concordância ruim foi observado em qualquer associação de ELISA-rk39 com todos os outros testes nos animais sintomáticos e nos assintomáticos. Tanto o ELISA como o RDT com proteínas recombinantes (rK39) detectaram a menor porcentagem de cães assintomáticos (33,3%) em relação aos outros testes sorológicos. Em conclusão, somente um método diagnóstico não foi suficiente para identificar todos os cães positivos com LVC, principalmente os assintomáticos e por isso foi necessário a associação de dois ou mais métodos. Em função da boa concordância do teste RDT-rK39 com ELISA-ES, RIFI e PA, o mesmo foi sugerido como um teste complementar ao ELISA-ES ou RIFI para o diagnóstico da LVC, principalmente dos cães sintomáticos. No entanto, novos estudos são recomendados para melhorar a sensibilidade dos testes principalmente para cães assintomáticos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Parasitology/methods
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